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Andy Wellings is an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Computer Science, University of York, U.K. His research interests are focused on two related areas of computing: the design, use and implementation of real-time programming languages and operating systems; and the design and use of general purpose distributed operating systems. Professor Wellings has published over 350 technical papers and reports, including five textbooks.
Andy's research interests revolve around architecture-neutral real-time systems. These are real-time systems whose target architectures are unknown at systems design time. Architecture-neutral real-time systems are typically intended for embedded systems or hand-held devices; however, they are also applicable to Internet applications. The target architecture is unknown because:
they have to be executable on the widest range of architectures possible in order to increase their portability;
their lifetime is expected to be greater than ten years and, therefore, they have to be immune to technology obsolescence;
their site of execution may vary.
Architecture-neutral real-time systems are at odds with traditional real-time systems because traditional systems typically need:
known (or bounded) processing resource demand - by definition the resources needed by an architecture-neutral system will depend on the power of the site hosting its execution;
efficient and predictable execution - most architecture-neutral systems are interpreted where efficiency is often a secondary concern; techniques such as Just-In-Time compilation lead to better average-case executions but have less predictability and poorer worst-case behaviour;
static allocation - predictability in a real-time multiprocessor or distributed environment is often achieved by sacrificing flexibility; for example, statically allocating threads to processors in order to avoid scheduling anomalies (such as Graham's and Dhall's anomaly); by definition static allocation is not possible in an architecture-neutral system.
Andy's research interests revolve around architecture-neutral real-time systems. These are real-time systems whose target architectures are unknown at systems design time. Architecture-neutral real-time systems are typically intended for embedded systems or hand-held devices; however, they are also applicable to Internet applications. The target architecture is unknown because:
they have to be executable on the widest range of architectures possible in order to increase their portability;
their lifetime is expected to be greater than ten years and, therefore, they have to be immune to technology obsolescence;
their site of execution may vary.
Architecture-neutral real-time systems are at odds with traditional real-time systems because traditional systems typically need:
known (or bounded) processing resource demand - by definition the resources needed by an architecture-neutral system will depend on the power of the site hosting its execution;
efficient and predictable execution - most architecture-neutral systems are interpreted where efficiency is often a secondary concern; techniques such as Just-In-Time compilation lead to better average-case executions but have less predictability and poorer worst-case behaviour;
static allocation - predictability in a real-time multiprocessor or distributed environment is often achieved by sacrificing flexibility; for example, statically allocating threads to processors in order to avoid scheduling anomalies (such as Graham's and Dhall's anomaly); by definition static allocation is not possible in an architecture-neutral system.
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SIGADAno. 1 (2018): 74-76
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