Research Interests

Mars. Mars is the only planet whose surface is known to have become uninhabitable. Once you start thinking about the Early Mars climate problem it is hard to think about anything else. What allowed rivers and lakes early in Mars history? How, when, and why did Mars dry out? How did loss of H2O, loss of CO2, and loss of non-CO2 greenhouse forcing interact with each other? What does the end of surface habitability on Mars teach us about habitability on planets in general? My approach combines the development of new proxies, geologic data analysis with existing proxies, and a hierarchy of numerical models. I am also interested in methods for warming Mars in the near future [abstract].
Rocky exoplanets. I care deeply about atmosphere-interior exchange and the physical and chemical processes underpinning habitability for rocky exoplanets. Current work includes exoplanet magma-atmosphere interaction on the mass-radius diagram, atmosphere loss and revival on hot rocky exoplanetsm, exsolution-driven climate shocks on planets with deep oceans, and modeling/theory contributions to selected James Webb Space Telescope observational programs.
Europa and Enceladus. I am extremely interested in tectonics, surface-interior exchange, and potential habitability for these ice moons.
Planetary mission concept formulation.