Motorized 3D ultrasound enhances internal jugular vein dimension measurement on the International Space Station

Abstract Traditional 2D and motorized 3D ultrasound were used to quantify internal jugular vein volume following a 4-hour venoconstrictive thigh cuff countermeasure for attenuating cephalad venous congestion during spaceflight. The 2D and 3D ultrasound results were not congruent as 2D ultrasound is subject to errors including angle of investigation even when performed with remote guidance. Motorized 3D ultrasound provides quantitative data on astronaut fluid shifts on the International Space Station.