Contributions to somatic and germline lineages of chicken blastodermal cells maintained in culture

Chicken blastodermal cells were cultured for 48 hr as explanted intact embryos, as dispersed cells in a monolayer, or with a confluent layer df mouse fibroblasts. The cells were then dispersed and injected into stage X (E-G&K) recipient embryos that were exposed to 600 rads of irradiation from a Co-60 source. Regardless of the conditions in which the cells were cultured; chimeras with contributions to both somatic tissues and the germline were observed. When blastodermal cells were cocultured with mouse embryonic fibroblasts, significantly more somatic chimeras were observed and the proportion of feather follicles derived from donor cells was increased relative to that observed following the injection of cells derived from explanted embryos or monolayer cultures. Culture of blastodermal cells in any of the systems, however, yielded fewer chimeras that exhibited reduced contributions to somatic tissues in comparison to the frequency and extent of somatic chimerism observed following injection of freshly prepared cells. Contributions to the germline were observed at an equal frequency regardless of the conditions of culture, but were significantly reduced in comparison to the frequency and rate of germline transmission following injection of cells obtained directly from stage X (E-G&K) embryos. These data demonstrate that some cells retain the ability to contribute to germline and somatic tissues after 48 hr in culture and that the ability to contribute to the somatic and germline lineages is not retained equally. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.