Evaluation of Clinical Skills in Pharmaceutical Education: Past Present and Future

The purpose of th is paper was to review past and present methods employed for the evaluation of clinical skills demonstrated on clerkships. The ideal method would: (i) assess the knowledge base from all areas of clerkship activities, (ii) assess problem-solving skills, (iii) assess communication skills, (iv) serve as a diagnostic tool for identifying deficiencies, (v) be conducted in a clinical environment, and (vi) be objective. Historically, Various methodologies were utilized and these are reviewed. Currently, the principal process used for evaluation includes rating scales. These are usually combined with written and/or verbal examinations, or simulated experiences for selected course objectives. Both in the past and now, a variety of evaluation methods have been used, but none thoroughly assess cognitive learning, mastery of essential practice skills, nor measure the ability to use patient data in realistic problem-solving. A potential future method which would meet these goals is discussed.