Paper Mill Biosolids Application To Agricultural Lands: Benefits And Environmental Concerns With Special Reference To Situation In Canada

The pulp and paper industry plays an integral role in the global economy. The primary concern, however, is the use of chlorine-based bleaches and resultant toxic emissions to air, water, and soil after dumping of biosolids (sludge) that are produced as a by-product. Large amounts of this sludge are being accumulated in the neighborhood of the paper mills, causing serious handling and pollution problems, especially under an increasingly tight economic situation and strong environmental protection policies. Best approach from the economic and ecologic standpoints over the long run is to dispose paper mill biosolids on the agricultural land. We present a review on the application of paper mill biosolids to agricultural lands and its effects on crops, soil physical, chemical and biological properties.