Leukodystrophy and CSF Purine Abnormalities Associated with Isolated 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency

We report the first case of isolated biotin resistant 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC) deficiency in Argentina. The diagnosis was established at 14 months of age by urinary organic-acid analysis and confirmed by enzyme assay in fibroblasts. The patient suffered from severe psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, areflexia, and failure to thrive, and died unexpectedly at 3 years 4 months of life. Brain MRI at 14 months showed signals of the white matter on cerebral T 2 -weighted, which were indicative of confluent and multiple foci of leukodystrophy, a pattern not previously described in this entity. In addition, high levels of oxypurines were detected in cerebrospinal fluid. This might be related to energetic consequences of the enzyme deficiency in the brain. This case extends the phenotype of isolated MCC deficiency in infancy and suggests this entity should be considered to be one of the possible causes of “metabolic leukodystrophies.”