Effects of External Electrode and Heat Treatment on Stress Anisotropy and Residual Stress in BaTiO₃-Based Ni-MLCCs

Herein, we report the effects of external electrode and heat treatment on stress anisotropy and residual stress on margins of MLCCs in each direction perpendicular and parallel to internal electrode at length plane. The residual stresses estimated using an indentation method are compared in regions with and without the external electrode as a function of heat treatment. The stress anisotropy is not affected by both heat treatment and external electrode, showing residual compressive stresses in all directions. However, at the boundary, the crack length in the perpendicular direction is longer than that in the parallel direction.