On the Mechanism of Ion Nitriding of an Austenitic Stainless Steel

The mechanism of nitrogen transport has been investigated in an austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) under high flux and low energy nitrogen ion beam irradiation at moderate temperatures in the range 270–550°C. The profiles of the distribution of nitrogen have been analyzed with nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and glow discharge optical spectroscopy (GDOS), and the surface roughness with scanning AFM. The modeling is based on the study of the stochastic mixing of atoms ‘ballistically’ displaced by incident ions. The development of surface roughness and the formation of an altered layer highly enriched by nitrogen are analyzed, and it is concluded that the transport of nitrogen into the bulk results from a flux of matrix atoms driven by mobile vacancies at temperatures above 350°C. This behavior is consistent with an altered layer ‘growth’ that is controlled by the ion-beam-induced displacements of surface atoms.