Low threshold current single-fundamental-mode photonic crystal VCSELs

An optimization of oxide aperture diameter to match the light emission aperture (the central defect region) in the photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (PhC-VCSEL) is presented in order to obtain low threshold current and high single-fundamental-mode output of the device. A 3-D finite-difference time-domain method has been applied to simulate the mode field distribution and qual...