VKORC1 -1639G>A, CYP2C9 , EPHX1 691A>G genotype, body weight, and age are important predictors for warfarin maintenance doses in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses in southwest China

Objective To investigate the contribution of genetic polymorphisms of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 gene VKORC1 -1639G>A, cytochrome P450 2C9 gene ( CYP2C9 ), EPHXI , and clinical factors to warfarin sensitivity in southwest Chinese Han patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. Methods A total of 127 patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses who have been followed up at our department during the past 23 years were enrolled in this study and compared to a control group that consisted of 133 randomly selected healthy blood donors. These Chinese patients met stable warfarin dosage requirements and had reached the target international normalized ratio (INR) of 1.5–2.0. PCR and direct sequencing were carried out to identify the polymorphisms of VKORC1 -1639G>A (rs9923231), CYP2C9 *3 (rs1057910), CYP2C9 IVS3 -65G>C (rs9332127), and EPHX1 691A>G (rs4653436). In addition, total and free (non-protein-bound) warfarin concentrations were analyzed. Results and conclusions There were great interindividual differences in warfarin maintenance dosage (ranging from 0.6 to 8.4 mg/day) among the 127 patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. VKORC1 -1639G>A, CYP2C9 , EPHX1 691A>G polymorphism, body weight, and age were found to affect the dose demands. Multiple linear regression models incorporating genetic polymorphisms of VKORC1, CYP2C9, EPHX1 691A>G, and the nongenetic factors of age and body weight were developed, and explained up to 76.8% of the total variation (adjusted R 2 of 0.743) in warfarin maintenance doses in southwest Chinese patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses.