Measurement of the neutron radius of 208Pb through parity violation in electron scattering. S Abrahamyan , Z Ahmed , H Albataineh , K Aniol , D S Armstrong , W Armstrong , T Averett , B Babineau , A Barbieri , V Bellini , R Beminiwattha , J Benesch , F Benmokhtar , T Bielarski , W Boeglin , A Camsonne , M Canan , P Carter , G D Cates , C Chen , J-P Chen , O Hen , F Cusanno , M M Dalton , R De Leo , K de Jager , W Deconinck , P Decowski , X Deng , A Deur , D Dutta , A Etile , D Flay , G B Franklin , M Friend , S Frullani , E Fuchey , F Garibaldi , E Gasser , R Gilman , A Giusa , A Glamazdin , J Gomez , J Grames , C Gu , O Hansen , J Hansknecht , D W Higinbotham , R S Holmes , T Holmstrom , C J Horowitz , J Hoskins , J Huang , C E Hyde , F Itard , C-M Jen , E Jensen , G Jin , S Johnston , A Kelleher , K Kliakhandler , P M King , S Kowalski , K S Kumar , J Leacock , J Leckey , J H Lee , J J LeRose , R Lindgren , N Liyanage , N Lubinsky , J Mammei , F Mammoliti , D J Margaziotis , P Markowitz , A McCreary , D McNulty , L Mercado , Z-E Meziani , R W Michaels , M Mihovilovic , N Muangma , C Muñoz-Camacho , S Nanda , V Nelyubin , N Nuruzzaman , Y Oh , A Palmer , D Parno , K D Paschke , S K Phillips , B Poelker , R Pomatsalyuk , M Posik , A J R Puckett , B Quinn , A Rakhman , P E Reimer , S Riordan , P Rogan , G Ron , G Russo , K Saenboonruang , A Saha , B Sawatzky , A Shahinyan , R Silwal , S Sirca , K Slifer , P Solvignon , P A Souder , M L Sperduto , R Subedi , R Suleiman , V Sulkosky , C M Sutera , W A Tobias , W Troth , G M Urciuoli , B Waidyawansa , D Wang , J Wexler , R Wilson , B Wojtsekhowski , X Yan , H Yao , Y Ye , Z Ye , V Yim , L Zana , X Zhan , J Zhang , Y Zhang , X Zheng , P Zhu Physical review letters（2012）
摘要
We report the first measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry A(PV) in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from 208Pb. A(PV) is sensitive to the radius of the neutron distribution (R(n)). The result A(PV)=0.656±0.060(stat)±0.014(syst) ppm corresponds to a difference between the radii of the neutron and proton distributions R(n)-R(p)=0.33(-0.18)(+0.16) fm and provides the first electroweak observation of the neutron skin which is expected in a heavy, neutron-rich nucleus.
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