Effects of acute microinjections of thyroid hormone to the preoptic region of hypothyroid adult male rats on sleep, motor activity and body temperature.

Thyroid hormones induce short-latency nongenomic effects in adult brain tissue, suggesting that their acute administration would affect brain activity in intact animals. The influence on EEG-defined sleep of acute restoration of l-3,3′5-triiodothyronine (T3) to a sleep-regulatory brain region, the preoptic region, was examined in hypothyroid rats. Sleep parameters were monitored for 48h weekly: for 24h immediately following a control microinjection and for an additional 24h after a second microinjection including a T3 dose to the preoptic region or lateral ventricle. Male albino rats were implanted with EEG and EMG electrodes, abdominal temperature/activity transponders and unilateral lateral ventricle cannulae or bilateral preoptic region cannulae, and were given 0.02% n-propythiouracil (PTU) in their drinking water for 4 weeks. For histologically-confirmed bilateral preoptic region cannula placements (N=7), effects of T3 (especially a 3μg dose) were apparent within 10h of injection as decreases in REM, NREM and total sleep and increases in waking and activity. Minimal effects of lateral ventricle T3 microinjection were demonstrated (N=5). Significant effects due to the time of day on the experimental measures were seen in both lateral ventricle and preoptic region groups, but these effects did not interact with the effect of administered hormone dose. These effects of T3 microinjection to the preoptic region were demonstrated after acute injections and within hours of injection rather than after chronic administration over days.