Clinical, radiographical, and histological outcomes of plasma rich in growth factors in extraction socket: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Objectives Platelet-rich plasma has been used in the treatment of extraction socket; however, randomized controlled clinical trial is still lacking to evaluate its effect on extraction socket healing. Materials and methods Single center, assessor-blinded, parallel group, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. Sixty patients with indication of a simple one molar extraction in the mandible were randomized to receive plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) or blood clot. A cross-stitch suture was placed in both groups. Clinical, radiographical, and histological assessments were performed during 10–12 weeks of follow-up. Results Cone beam CT analysis has shown that the percentage of patients where the sockets are regenerated at ≥75 % of the baseline volume was significantly higher in PRGF group (96.7 %) than the control group (45.5 %). Pain and inflammation (day 3 and day 7) have been significantly lower in PRGF group than the control group but not at day 15. Soft tissue healing scores have been significantly higher in the test group. No serious adverse events have been occurred in both groups. Histological analysis has indicated the presence of significantly thicker keratinized epithelium and significantly higher newly formed bone in the PRGF group. Conclusions PRGF was associated with enhanced healing of extraction socket of mandibular molars throughout the observation period. Clinical relevance Plasma rich in growth factors could be a useful tool to enhance the healing of extraction sockets by minimizing postoperative complications and stimulating the hard and soft tissues regeneration.