A Multi-Center Phase I Dose Escalation Trial to Evaluate Safety and Tolerability of Intra-Arterial Temozolomide for Patients with Advanced Extremity Melanoma Using Normothermic Isolated Limb Infusion

BACKGROUND:L-phenylalanine mustard (LPAM) has been the standard for use in regional chemotherapy (RC) for unresectable in-transit melanoma. Preclinical data demonstrated that regional temozolomide (TMZ) may be more effective.METHODS:Patients with AJCC Stage IIIB or IIIC extremity melanoma who failed previous LPAM-based RC were treated with TMZ via isolated limb infusion (ILI) according to a modified accelerated titration design. Drug pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis, tumor gene expression, methylation status of the O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter, and MGMT expression were evaluated. Primary objectives were to (1) determine dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of TMZ via ILI and (2) explore biomarker correlates of response.RESULTS:28 patients completed treatment over 2.5 years at 3 institutions. 19 patients were treated at the MTD defined as 3,200 mg/m(2) [multiplied by 0.09 (arm), 0.18 (leg)]. Two of five patients had DLTs at the 3,600 mg/m(2) level while only grade 1 (n = 15) and grade 2 (n = 4) clinical toxicities occurred at the MTD. At 3-month post-ILI, 10.5 % (2/19) had CR, 5.3 % (1/19) had PR, 15.8 % (3/19) had SD, and 68.4 % (13/19) had PD. Neither PK parameters of TMZ nor MGMT levels were associated with response or toxicity.CONCLUSION:In this first ever use of intra-arterial TMZ in ILI for melanoma, the MTD was determined. While we could not define a marker for TMZ response, the minimal toxicity of TMZ ILI may allow for repeated treatments to increase the response rate as well as clarify the role of MGMT expression.