Vector-borne disease surveillance in livestock populations: A critical review of literature recommendations and implemented surveillance (BTV-8) in five European countries.

•Passive surveillance is the most effective early detection strategy for exotic vector-borne diseases.•Active surveillance designs for detection of emerging vector-borne diseases need to be epidemiologically context-specific.•Preparedness is of fundamental importance in determining the timeliness of detection and control against emerging vector-borne diseases.•Engagement of stakeholders is key for vector-borne disease surveillance, highlighting the importance of awareness raising activities.