Gradientenbeton – Numerische Entwurfsmethoden und experimentelle Untersuchung gewichtsoptimierter Bauteile

Functional gradation of precast elements makes it possible to align the internal composition of structural components with the specified structural and thermal performance requirements by continuously altering the characteristics of the material, including its porosity, strength or rigidity, in up to three spatial dimensions. This principle can be applied to minimise the mass of the element and to create multi-functional properties. Numerical design methods are used to develop the gradation layout that serves as a digital blueprint for such components. This paper describes true-to-scale tests performed on functionally graded beams. These tests make it possible to derive conclusions with respect to the elements' structural behaviour as well as weight savings that can potentially be achieved compared to structural components made from normal concrete. Test results are subsequently replicated by numerical simulations. The models calibrated in this step establish the basis to develop numerical design methods that rely on the principle of topology optimization.