Light Extraction Efficiency Part B. Light Extraction of High Efficient LEDs

This chapter deals with methods for fabricating high efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with higher light extraction efficiency (LEE). Some LED prototypes are then reviewed to investigate how their performance was enhanced by utilizing a variety of chip processes. The most efficient devices were found to be produced with unique fabrication processes, having at least one patterned sapphire substrate, chip shaping, vertical configuration, and/or flip-chip packaging, among others.