Bio-imaging Technologies in Studying Bone-Biomaterial Interface: Applications in Experimental Spinal Fusion Model
ADVANCED BIOIMAGING TECHNOLOGIES IN ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF BONE AND SCAFFOLD MATERIALS: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS(2007)
摘要
Spinal fusion in orthopedic surgery is commonly used to treat spinal deformity and degenerative diseases such as scoliosis and degenerative disc disease. To advance surgical and outcome efficacy and study the biological regulations, different animal models of spinal fusion have been established, including rats, rabbits, dogs, sheep, goats, and even non-human primates. With novel biological factors, biomaterials, biophysical devices and gene therapy, and stem-cell-based-therapy being developed, many medical imaging assessment techniques are being adopted further to evaluate their potential in facilitating spinal fusion experimentally before clinical application. Many bio-imaging evaluation technologies have been developed and their potential has been explored in evaluation of bone and biomaterial interface integration both preclinically and clinically. This chapter reviews some of the conventional and advanced techniques being applied for evaluation of rate and quality of spinal fusion, especially the experimental spinal fusion models based on our own studies. These techniques are summarized in the following categories in studying fusion complex or materials properties: (a) low resolution X-ray; quantitative CT, MRI, and clinical densitometry; (b) high-resolution micro-CT, 2D and 3D histomorphometry with both static and dynamic indices; and (c) macro- and microbiomechanical tests. The general advantages and limitations of the technologies are also briefly summarized. This overview might serve as a reference for future studies concerning study design and selection of technologies for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of spinal fusion based on availability of these methods and potential local and international collaborations.
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