Factores que influyen en los enfoques de aprendizaje universitario : una revisión sistemática = Factors affecting student approaches to learning : a systematic review
EDUCACION XX1(2014)
摘要
Background: Educational research from the Students' Approaches to Learning perspective has explored the mechanisms involved in learning, as well as factors which may determine learning approaches. Taking Biggs' (1987) 3P model and Baeten, Kyndt, Struyven, Dochy's (2010) review as a cornerstone, this paper presents a systematic review of empirical evidence of personal and contextual factors which may influence learning approaches. Method: A systematic review procedure was followed and specific criteria were used when searching for studies. Results: Many studies show evidence of association of undergraduates' approaches to learning with a number of factors (motivation, knowledge, conceptions of learning, epistemological beliefs, workload, perception of the evaluation criteria, teachers' teaching conceptions and methods, degree, and type of task and content). There is, however, no conclusive evidence of a relation between approaches and other variables (sex, age, IQ, type of assessment). Conclusions: Studies have focused on a number of variables, yet additional research is needed on other factors, particularly within the Spanish context, which may use this review as a starting point. Having a detailed account of the various influences on how students approach their studies may help develop interventions which would ultimately improve the quality of results and promote meaningful learning.
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关键词
Learning,learning theories,learning processes,higher education
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