Electromyographic study on the sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis major muscles during respiratory activity in humans

Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous and maximum activities ofthe sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and pectoralis major (PM) muscles, to determine how the two types of breathing patterns (normal and forced) can affect these activities , and to verify which of these muscles could be used to establish an evaluation protocol for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Methods: Eleven healthy men, aged 18 to 25 years, participated in this study. The individuals remained in supine position using a respiratory belt to monitor both inspiratory and expiratory phase during shifts in the rib cage, performing three repetitions for the normal and forced respiratory movements, while keeping the breathing rhythm with a standard metronome. Electromyographic signals were captured using bipolar surface electrodes placed on the lower third of the SCM muscle and on the lower PM muscle fibers. Electromyographic signals were analyzed and the root mean square (RMS) values were calculated for a complete respiratory cycle. The EMG values were analyzed using the Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons. The homogeneity of variances was verified using the logarithmic transformation (LOG). The level of statistical significance was set at 5% (SPSS 19.0). Results: The values showed that there are signiicant differences between the EMG values of the SCM muscle during normal and forced respiration and the EMG values of the ECM and PM muscles during forced respiration. Conclusion: These results showed that the SCM muscle can be an indicator for the development of parameters to be used in the analysis of patients with respiratory failure.