Low Concentrations of Sphingosine-1-phosphates and Plasmalogens in HDL Are Associated with Coronary Artery Disease and Reduced Anti-Apoptotic Activity of HDL

Objectives: High density lipoproteins (HDL) exert several potentially anti-atherogenic activities towards the endothelium including stimulation of vasodilation and inhibition of leukocyte adhesion by stimulating nitric oxide (NO) production and inhibition of apoptosis. Several components of HDL have been made responsible for these protective effects. Interestingly, the vasoprotective effects of HDL were found to be lost in several inflammatory diseases including coronary artery disease (CAD). As yet these dysfunctions have been associated with changed composition or structural modifications of HDL-associated proteins. The role of the HDL-lipidome for endothelial HDL dysfunction has been little explored.