Flavonoids from the leaves of Deguelia utilis (Leguminosae): structural elucidation and neuroprotective properties

Five new flavonoids, 5,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-2 ",2 "-dimethylchromene-(5 ",6 ": 6,7)-dihydroflavonol (1), 5,3'-dihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxy-6,8-dimethylallyl-dihydroflavonol (2), 5,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-allyl-2 ",2 "-dimethylchromene-(5 ",6 ":6,7) flavanone (3), 5,3'-dihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxy-6,8-dimethylallyl-flavanone (4), 3,5,3'-trihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxy-6,8-dimethylallyl-flavanol (5), together with the stilbenes 4-methoxylonchocarpene (6) and lonchocarpene (7) were isolated from the leaves of Deguelia utilis. Their chemical structures were established on the basis of NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectral data and HRESITOF-MS (electrospray ionization-high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry). Also, in order to investigate potential cytoprotective effects of these flavonoids, we used a fraction eluted with hexane: EtOAc containing all seven flavonoids, in an in vitro model of neurodegeneration, using hippocampal primary cultures from neonatal (PND2-P3) rats exposed to rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. There was a significant reduction in cell viability (19.4 +/- 1.6%) when the cultures were exposed to 30 nmol L-1 rotenone for 72 h. Concomitant exposure of the cultures to the FR3 (5 mu g mL(-1)) and 30 nmol L-1 rotenone resulted in values of cell viability similar to control groups (99.6 +/- 4.8%), strongly suggesting a cytoprotective effect for this flavonoid-rich fraction.