Single-dose intravenous administration of antiepileptic drugs induces rapid and reversible remodeling in the brain: evidence from a voxel-based morphometry evaluation of valproate and levetiracetam in rhesus monkeys.

•We found a pronounced rapid reversible AED-induced brain structure remodeling.•We used a healthy monkey model to avoid the potential impact of the disease itself.•They were intravenously exposed to a single-dose AED that mimics clinical use.•The structure remodeling differed with different types of AEDs both in GMV and WMV.