Impact of risk factor for atherosclerosis on microvascular endothelial function: An in vitro study.

It is now widely accepted that the microcirculation plays a role in the complications of atherosclerosis, but the microcirculation response to atherosclerosis risk factors like diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, is still unclear. Alterations in the endothelial production of IL6, NO and ET-1 are known to be correlate with these diseases. Simulating the presence of hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, this in vitro study investigated the effect of glucose, angiotensin II, and nLDL treatments on IL-6, ET-1 and NO in HMEC-1. The medium concentrations of IL6 and ET-1 were measured by ELISA assay, whereas NO by a colorimetric assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of IL-6, Pre-po-ET-1 and eNOS by extracted cells were also investigated by RT-PCR. NO concentration in the medium of HMEC-1 increased in a dose-dependent manner by glucose after 24 hours and by nLDL both at 6 and 24 it, with higher values at 6 hours. The eNOS mRNA expression at 6h induced by nLDL, showed a parallel trend to the medium NO. No increment dose dependent NO concentration was observed by angiotensin II.nLDL induced a dose-dependent increase of ET-1 medium levels, more accentuated in 6h respect to 24h. The expression of prepro-ET-1 showed a parallel dose-dependent increased after 6 hours. Both glucose and nLDL increased IL-6 levels in a dose-dependent manner at 6 and 24 h. In conclusion, glucose treatment on HMEC-1 cells exerted a mild stimulus on NO and IL-6 production. nLDL treatment showed a similar glucose stimulus on NOx, but it induced an intense pro-inflammatory activity and showed the ability to stimulate ET-1 synthesis.