Cost-effectiveness analysis for heterogeneous samples.

•A two steps cost-effectiveness procedure for heterogeneous samples is proposed.•Step 1: a Bayesian clustering to measure the sampling heterogeneity.•Step 2: a Bayesian meta-analysis to account for the clustering structure of the data.•Examples with real data are developed to illustrate the procedure.•We show that to not consider sample heterogeneity could give misleading results.