Aldose reductase participates in the downregulation of T cell functions due to suppressor macrophages

The cell-to-cell contact of T lymphocytes with immunosuppressive macrophages causes marked changes in the tyrosine phosphorylation of some cytosolic proteins of T cells. By phosphoproteome analysis, we identified a 36-kDa protein as aldose reductase (AR). The AR expression in T cells was not changed by TCR stimulation or due to cell-to-cell transmission of suppressor signals from immunosuppressive macrophages. Therefore, AR phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is essential for the transduction of TCR-mediated T-cell stimulatory signals and moreover plays important roles for the cross-talk of immunosuppressive macrophage-derived suppressor signals with the signaling pathways for T-cell activation. Moreover, AR played important roles in the upregulation of ERK1/2-mediated signaling pathways in T lymphocytes. Notably, the enzymatic activity of AR was not required for its signaling action. Taken together, it is concluded that AR mediates intracellular transmission of the suppressor signal of immunosuppressive macrophages toward downstream ERK1/2 pathways, possibly through its direct interaction with acceptor proteins.