Subclinical vascular disease and the risk of parkinsonism: The Rotterdam Study.

In a large population-based study with up to 23 years of follow-up:•Intima media thickness and number of plaques in the carotid arteries are not associated with parkinsonism and PD.•Low ankle-brachial index, measure of peripheral arterial disease, is associated with increased risk of non-PD parkinsonism.•Retinal vessels diameter, measure of small vessels pathology, has no relationship with the etiology of parkinsonism.