Pediatric Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer remains a rare malignancy in the pediatric population, comprising 0.7% of all childhood cancers [1], and the overall incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing. The increasing incidence of thyroid cancer is largely driven by the increase in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and has been in part attributed to increased detection of small tumors. Studies have shown, however, an increased incidence across all tumor sizes, suggesting that surveillance, more sensitive diagnostic procedures, and earlier detection are not the sole explanations [2,3].