IL‐2 is Required for the Generation of Viral‐specific CD4+ Th1 Tissue‐resident Memory Cells and B Cells Are Essential for Maintenance in the Lung

CD4+ tissue resident cells are an important first line of defense against viral infections in the lungs and are critical for promoting the localization of lung resident CD8+ T cells. However, relatively little is known about the signaling programs required for the development of viral‐specific CD4+ tissue resident cells in the lungs. Recently, it was shown that signaling through the high affinity IL‐2 receptor is required for the differentiation of lung‐resident Th2 memory (Trm) cells in a murine model of airway inflammation. We therefore tested if IL‐2 signaling is also required for the development of viral antigen‐specific CD4+ Th1 cells in the lung after i.n. infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. These studies demonstrate that Th1 CD4+ T cells also require IL‐2 for lung Trm development. Additionally, they show that B cells potently inhibit early Th1 cell lung residency, but are required for the maintenance of a long‐lived population of CD4+ Th1 Trm.