Hybrid-Trip-Model-Based Energy Management of a PHEV With Computation-Optimized Dynamic Programming.

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) with fuel and electricity have demonstrated the capability to reduce fuel consumption and emissions by adopting appropriate energy management strategies. In the existing energy management strategies, the dynamic programming (DP)-based energy management strategy (EMS) can realize the global optimization of the fuel consumption if the global vehicle-speed tra...