A Case for Packing and Indexing in Cloud File Systems.
HotCloud(2018)
摘要
Small (kilobyte-sized) objects are the bane of highly scalable cloud object stores. Larger (at least megabyte-sized) objects not only improve performance, but also result in orders of magnitude lower cost, due to the current operation-based pricing model of commodity cloud object stores. For example, in Amazon S3's current pricing scheme, uploading 1GiB data by issuing 4KiB PUT requests (at 0.0005¢ each) is approximately 57× more expensive than storing that same 1GiB for a month. To address this problem, we propose client-side packing of small immutable files into gigabyte-sized blobs with embedded indices to identify each file's location. Experiments with a packing implementation in Alluxio (an open-source distributed file system) illustrate the potential benefits, such as simultaneously increasing file creation throughput by up to 60× and decreasing cost to 1/25000 of the original.
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