Patterns and risk factors of birth defects in rural areas of south-eastern Gabon.

Within the context of high neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, a retrospective study was conducted on the prevalence of congenital malformations and the association between maternal risk factors and birth defects in rural populations of south-eastern Gabon. Two populations were studied: a group of 3500 births recorded in rural area (Koula-Moutou) and a second group of 4212 births in a semi-rural area (Franceville) in Gabon. Our data showed an increasing prevalence in congenital anomalies from rural to urban areas (P<0.001). Maternal risk factors such as age>35years, multiparity and employment status were significantly associated with the levels of stillbirth. Together with abortions and stillbirths, congenital malformations require strong monitoring in rural and urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa.