Bovine Pancreatolithiasis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

An 8-y-old lactating Holstein cow was presented to the herd veterinarian with a history of acute ataxia, and because of poor prognosis, the animal was euthanized and submitted for postmortem examination. A lumbar vertebra was incompletely fractured and had an adjacent subdural hematoma. The pancreas had a hard texture with exaggerated nodular appearance, and on cut surface, the pancreatic ducts appeared fibrotic and contained scores of round-to-faceted pancreatoliths of 0.5-2.0 mm diameter. These calculi extended from the major ducts to the pancreatic duct, sphincter, and into the duodenal lumen. Microscopically, the pancreas had severe acinar atrophy and dissecting glandular fibrosis. The major pancreatic ducts were ulcerated with fibrosis and inflammation. In humans, chronic pancreatitis has been linked to osteoporosis and increased risk of bone fractures. Manual evaluation of ribs at the time of autopsy did not reveal abnormalities in bone pliability or fragility in our cow.