Added value of arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric neuroradiology: pitfalls and applications

Arterial spin labeling is a noninvasive, non-gadolinium-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to assess cerebral blood flow. It provides insight into both tissue metabolic activity and vascular supply. Because of its non-sensitivity toward blood–brain barrier leakage, arterial spin labeling is also more accurate in cerebral blood flow quantification than gadolinium-dependent methods. The aim of this pictorial essay is to promote the application of arterial spin labeling in pediatric neuroradiology. The authors provide information on artifacts and pitfalls as well as numerous fields of application based on pediatric cases.