Substrate-Induced Graphene Chemistry for 2D Superlattices with Tunable Periodicities.

2D graphene superlattices are fabricated down to the nanometer scale by a universal substrate-engineering approach, based on substrate-induced site-selective chemical reactions on the graphene basal plane. Various 2D graphene superlattices with tunable periodicities and chemical functionalities are made by using SiO2 nanosphere assemblies and other nanostructured substrates.