Competing Biases in Mental Arithmetic: When Division Is More and Multiplication Is Less.
Frontiers in human neuroscience(2017)
摘要
Mental arithmetic exhibits various biases. Among those is a tendency to overestimate addition and to underestimate subtraction outcomes. Does such "operational momentum" (OM) also affect multiplication and division? Twenty-six adults produced lines whose lengths corresponded to the correct outcomes of multiplication and division problems shown in symbolic format. We found a reliable tendency to over-estimate division outcomes, i.e., reverse OM. We suggest that anchoring on the first operand (a tendency to use this number as a reference for further quantitative reasoning) contributes to cognitive biases in mental arithmetic.
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关键词
heuristics and biases,mental arithmetic,mental number line,numerical cognition,operational momentum
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