ATP-Gated P2X7 Receptors Require Chloride Channels To Promote Inflammation in Human Macrophages.

Immune cells of myeloid origin show robust expression of ATP-gated P2X7 receptors, two-transmembrane ion channels permeable to Na+, K+, and Ca2+. Receptor activation promotes inflammasome activation and release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-18. In this study, we show that ATP generates facilitating cationic currents in monocyte-derived human macrophages and permeabilizes the plasma membrane to polyatomic cationic dyes. We find that antagonists of PLA(2) and Cl- channels abolish P2X7 receptor-mediated current facilitation, membrane permeabilization, blebbing, phospholipid scrambling, inflammasome activation, and IL-1 beta release. Our data demonstrate significant differences in the actions of ATP in murine and human macrophages and suggest that PLA(2) and Cl- channels mediate innate immunity downstream of P2X7 receptors in human macrophages.