Expert panel of the Chinese Society of Cardiology recommendations on beta-blocker therapy in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery

The initiation of beta-blockers in the perioperative period of non-cardiac surgery remains controversial. After reviewing all the evidence, the expert panel of the Chinese Society of Cardiology (CSC) believes that there lacks high-quality randomized trial and the use of perioperative beta-blocker can only be considered on a case-by-case basis. Five practical recommendations are presented.