The Role of Private Standards for Manufactured Food Exports from Developing Countries
World Development(2018)
摘要
•We use a unique dataset containing the International Featured Standard.•We use total IFS certification as an instrument to account for reverse causality.•Exports of high-income countries increase due to IFS certification.•Exports of low-income countries remain unaffected.•Type of standard determines whether trade increases or declines.
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关键词
agricultural trade,private food standards,manufactured food,gravity model
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