A 0.4% PAE 194-GHz Signal Source With 1.5-mW Output Power in 65-nm Bulk CMOS Technology

This letter presents an amplifier-frequency doubler chain in thin digital 65-nm bulk CMOS process. Injection locking is applied to the amplifier to increase the power gain and compensate for the conversion loss in the frequency doubler. The doubler uses a compact low-impedance transmission line (LZ TLine) for effective dc decoupling in the output matching network. Measurement results show a peak o...