Snow data intercomparison on remote and glacierized high elevation areas (Forni Glacier, Italy)

We present and compare 11 years of snow data (snowfall, snow depth and snow water equivalent ( SWE )) measured by an Automatic Weather Station and by some field campaigns on the Forni Glacier. The data have been acquired by means of (i) a Campbell SR50 sonic ranger from October 2005 (snow depth data), (ii) manual snow pits from January 2006 (snow depth and SWE data), (iii) a Sommer USH8 sonic ranger from May 2014 (snow depth data), (iv) a Park Mechanical SS-6048 snow pillow from May 2014 ( SWE data), (v) a manual snow weighting tube (Enel-Valtecne©) from May 2014 (snow depth and SWE data). The aim of the analyses is to assess the mean value of fresh snow density and the most appropriate method to evaluate SWE for this measuring site. The results indicate that the daily SR50 sonic ranger measures allow a rather good estimation of the SWE , and the provided snow pit data are available for defining the site mean value of fresh snow density. For the Forni Glacier measuring site, this value turned out to be 140 kg m −3 . The SWE derived from sonic ranger data is rather sensitive to this value: a change in fresh snow density of 20 kg m −3 causes a mean variation in SWE of ±0.093 m w.e. for each hydrological year, ranging from ±0.050 m w.e. to ±0.115 m w.e.