Associated features of strabismus in the presentation of retinoblastoma

The common presenting features of intraocular retinoblastoma (RB) include leukocoria (L), strabismus (S), and inflammation (I). Leukocoria has been associated with poorer ocular survival. Exotropia has been shown to be more common than expected in infantile strabismus. The impact of the combination of L and S presenting together has not been assessed. The need for enucleation at presentation and the use of adjuvant chemotherapy post-enucleation are recognised indicators of advanced disease.