The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) Science White Paper

Bai X.,Bi B. Y.,Bi X. J.,Cao Z.,Chen S. Z., Chen Y.,Chiavassa A.,Cui X. H., Dai Z. G.,della Volpe D.,Di Girolamo T.,Di Sciascio Giuseppe,) Y. Z. Fan,() J. Giacalone,() Y. Q. Guo,() H. H. He,() T. L. He, () M. Heller,() D. Huang,() Y. F. Huang, () H. Jia,() L. T. Ksenofontov, () D. Leahy,() F. Li, ( Z. Li,),() E. W. Liang,() P. Lipari,() R. Y. Liu,() Y. Liu,() S. Liu,() X. Ma,() O. Martineau-Huynh,() D. Martraire,() T. Montaruli,() D. Ruffolo,( Y. V. Stenkin,),() H. Q. Su,() T. Tam,() Q. W. Tang,() W. W. Tian,( P. Vallania, ),() S. Vernetto,( C. Vigorito, ),() J. . C. Wang,() L. Z. Wang,() X. Wang,( X. Y. Wang, ),() X. J. Wang,() Z. X. Wang,() D. M. Wei, () J. J. Wei,() D. Wu,() H. R. Wu,() X. F. Wu,() D. H. Yan,() A. Y. Yang,() R. Z. Yang,() Z. G. Yao,() L. Q. Yin, () Q. Yuan,( B. Zhang,,),() B. Zhang,() L. Zhang,() M. F. Zhang, () S. S. Zhang, () X. Zhang,( Y. Zhao, ),() X. X. Zhou,() F. R. Zhu,( H. Zhu (), Astrophysics Key Laboratory of Particle, Physics Institute of High Energy, CAS, Beijing,China,Corpusculaire Département de Physique Nucléaire et, de Genève Université, Genève, Switzerland,Department Physics, Mines South Dakota School of, Technology,City Rapid,SD,di Astrofisica Istituto Nazionale, OATO,Torino,Italy,di Fisica Dipartimento, di Torino Università degli Studi,Italy, Observatories National Astronomical, CAS, Beijing, China, Astronomy School of,Sciences Space, University Nanjing, China,Observatory Purple Mountain, CAS, Nanjing, China,Lunar, Laboratory Planetary, Arizona University of, AZ Tucson,II" Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Napoli "Federico,Sant'Angelo Complesso Universitario di Monte, Napoli, Italy,Nucleare Istituto Nazionale di Fisica,di Napoli Sezione,Sant'Angelo Complesso Universitario di Monte, Napoli, Italy,Science School of Physical, Technology, University Southwest Jiaotong, Chengdu, China, Energies Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes, CNRS-INP, VII Universités VI et, France, Research Yu. G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical, RAS Aeronomy SB, Yakutsk, Russia,Physics Department of, Astronomy, Calgary University of, Canada,Physics Department of, University Guangxi, Nanning, China,Nucleare Istituto Nazionale di Fisica,Roma Sezione, Roma, Italy,Astronomy Department of,University Nanjing, Nanjing, China,Physics The School of, University Shandong, Jinan, China,Physics Department of,Science Faculty of,University Mahidol, Bangkok, Thailand, INFN,Vergata Sez. Roma Tor,Roma, Italy,MEPhI National Research Nuclear University, Moscow, Russia, Research Institute for Nuclear,Sciences Russian Academy of, Moscow, Russia,Astronomy Institute of,Science Space, University Sun Yat-Sen, Guangzhou,China,Science School of,University Nanchang, Nanchang, China,di Astrofisica Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino dell'Istituto Nazionale,Torino, Italy,Nucleare Istituto Nazionale di Fisica,di Torino Sezione,Torino, Italy,di Torino Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università, Italy, Observatory Xinjiang Astronomical, CAS, China,Physics Department of, Astronomy, Nevada University of, Vegas Las, NV, USA,Astronomy Department of,Physics School of,University Peking, Beijing, China,Astronomy Kavli Institute of, Astrophysics,University Peking,Beijing, University Southwest Jiaotong, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, Galaxies Key Laboratory for Research in, Cosmology, Observatory Shanghai Astronomical,Sciences Chinese Academy of, China,Kernphysik Max-Planck-Institut für, Heidelberg, Germany, Structure Key Laboratory for the, Objects Evolution of Celestial, Observatory Yunnan,Sciences Chinese Academy of, Kunming, China, Province Key Laboratory of Astroparticle Physics of Yunnan,Astronomy Department of, University Yunnan, Kunming, China,Astronomy Department of,Physics School of,University Peking, Beijing, China)

arxiv（2019）

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摘要

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) project is a new generation multi-component instrument, to be built at 4410 meters of altitude in the Sichuan province of China, with the aim to study with unprecedented sensitivity the spec trum, the composition and the anisotropy of cosmic rays in the energy range between 10$^{12}$ and 10$^{18}$ eV, as well as to act simultaneously as a wide aperture (one stereoradiant), continuously-operated gamma ray telescope in the energy range between 10$^{11}$ and $10^{15}$ eV. The experiment will be able of continuously surveying the TeV sky for steady and transient sources from 100 GeV to 1 PeV, t hus opening for the first time the 100-1000 TeV range to the direct observations of the high energy cosmic ray sources. In addition, the different observables (electronic, muonic and Cherenkov/fluorescence components) that will be measured in LHAASO will allow to investigate origin, acceleration and propagation of the radiation through a measurement of energy spec trum, elemental composition and anisotropy with unprecedented resolution. The remarkable sensitivity of LHAASO in cosmic rays physics and gamma astronomy would play a key-role in the comprehensive general program to explore the High Energy Universe. LHAASO will allow important studies of fundamental physics (such as indirect dark matter search, Lorentz invariance violation, quantum gravity) and solar and heliospheric physics. In this document we introduce the concept of LHAASO and the main science goals, providing an overview of the project.

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