Palynologic delineation of the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary, West-Central Montana, USA

Cratonic depositional systems in the Central Montana Trough involve the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary (DCB), and reflect both subtle regional epeirogeny and significant global glacioeustatic controls. A palynologic analysis of the upper Three Forks, Sappington and lower Lodgepole formations was carried out at the classic Logan Gulch location in Horseshoe Hills. The lower Trident Member of Three Forks Formation yielded low-diversity cosmopolitan, long ranging phytoplankton and few spores species (LAs1), attributed to the middle Famennian. The upper part of the same green seaway shale yielded only leiosphaerids and Botryococcus (LAs2), along with an external mold of a clymenid ammonoid. Age-diagnostic spores Retispora lepidophyta, Verrucosisporites nitidus and Vallatisporites vallatus from middle Sappington siltstone (LAs3) indicated a Strunian LN Zone. Two more assemblages from upper Cottonwood Canyon Member (LAs4) and false Bakken (LAs5), in the lower Lodgepole Formation yielded scarce, poorly preserved spores. The presence of Waltzispora polita in LAs4 indicated a Tournaisan-Visean age.