Nanoparticle-Shaped Titanium Promotes Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell Adhesion Through Integrin α5β1

To fabricate a nanoparticle-shaped titanium material by performing gas phase cluster beam deposition, to determine the effect of the material on the adhesion of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and to screen out the potential molecules that played an important role in this process. In this paper, Nanoparticle-shaped titanium material was fabricated on the surface of pure titanium discs (Phi = 1.5 cm) by performing gas phase cluster beam deposition. BMSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow. The characterization of BMSCs was performed using typical mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD29, CD44, CD90) by flow cytometry, and BMSC differentiation was validated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining and oil red O staining. BMSCs were cultured on different materials, and their proliferation was analyzed. PCR and Q-PCR were used to screen the gene expression of the adhesion molecules. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to verify the protein expression of adhesion molecules. The results showed that nanoparticle-shaped titanium material was successfully fabricated by gas phase cluster beam deposition. This surface morphology was much more beneficial for the adhesion and proliferation of BMSCs. Furthermore, the levels of the whole integrin family members were measured, and the expression levels of integrin alpha 5 and beta 1 were found to be substantially increased, suggesting that the potential relationship between integrin and nanoparticle materials induced cell adhesion. Nanoparticle morphology fabricated by gas phase cluster beam deposition could be used as a potential surface treatment method for dental implants by promoting BMSC adhesion through integrin alpha 5 and beta 1.