Various targeting methods for subthalamic nucleus in deep brain stimulation

Ideal target for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) remains debatable. Many studies focused on various targets such as: Globus Pallidus interna (GPi), thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM), pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) to determine which target provides the best outcomes while the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is renowned as standard FDA approved target for PD.