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Anti-fibrotic mechanisms of angiotensin AT2 -receptor stimulation

Acta Physiologica(2019)

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摘要
The angiotensin AT(2)-receptor is a main receptor of the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system. Understanding of this unconventional G-protein coupled receptor has significantly advanced during the past decade, largely because of the availability of a selective non-peptide AT(2)-receptor agonist, which allowed the conduct of a multitude of studies in animal disease models. This article reviews such preclinical studies that in their entirety provide strong evidence for an anti-fibrotic effect mediated by activation of the AT(2)-receptor. Prevention of the development of fibrosis by AT(2)-receptor stimulation has been demonstrated in lungs, heart, blood vessels, kidney, pancreas and skin. In lungs, AT(2)-receptor stimulation was even able to reverse existing fibrosis. The article further discusses intracellular signalling mechanisms mediating the AT(2)-receptor-coupled anti-fibrotic effect, including activation of phosphatases and subsequent interference with pro-fibrotic signalling pathways, induction of matrix-metalloproteinases and hetero-dimerization with the AT(1)-receptor, the TGF-beta RII-receptor or the RXFP1-receptor for relaxin. Knowledge of the anti-fibrotic effects of the AT(2)-receptor is of particular relevance because drugs targeting this receptor have entered clinical development for indications involving fibrotic diseases.
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关键词
angiotensin,angiotensin AT(2)-receptor,fibrosis,fibrotic disease
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