Ultra-low Loading and High-performing Pt Catalyst for PEMFC Anode Achieved by Atomic Layer Deposition

Decreasing Pt loading in the anode layer below ~0.025 mg·cm-2 is found to reduce the hydrogen oxidation reaction rate during polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) normal operation, when using conventional Pt/C catalysts and electrode coating methods. To achieve extremely low Pt loading in the anode catalyst layer while maintaining high PEMFC performance and durability, a series of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with low Pt loading in the anode layer are successfully prepared using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. By controlling the ALD cycle number, the Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with different size and loading amount are directly deposited on the carbon layer to form the anode catalyst layer. The ALDPt NPs with uniform particle size are highly distributed on the available carbon surface, which promotes the ALDPt with high electrochemical active surface area and enables enhanced performance of ALDPt-MEAs. Particularly, the 50ALDPt-MEA with the anode Pt prepared by 50ALD cycles show...