Millennial-scale evolution of elemental ratios in bulk sediments from the western Philippine Sea and implications for chemical weathering in Luzon since the Last Glacial Maximum

•Lower Ti-normalized element ratios indicate higher weathering intensity in Luzon.•Sediment remobilization explains strong weathering of shelf sediments during the Last Glacial Maximum.•Precipitation caused rapid changes in weathering intensity during the last deglaciation.•Sediment weathering was probably stronger in tropical West Pacific during colder intervals of the middle–late Quaternary.